Gynecology
Menopause and perimenopause
Menopause is a natural transition, and its symptoms can be treated.
Common symptoms
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Sleep problems and mood changes
- Irregular periods during perimenopause
- Vaginal dryness and painful intercourse
- Urinary symptoms
Treatment options
- Hormone therapy: the most effective treatment for hot flashes. For many healthy women under 60 or within 10 years of menopause, the benefits outweigh the risks. We will review your personal risks.
- Non-hormone medications for hot flashes
- Vaginal moisturizers and low-dose vaginal estrogen for dryness and discomfort
- Lifestyle support for sleep, exercise, and heart and bone health
Bleeding after menopause is not normal. Any bleeding 12 months or more after your last period should be checked.
Medically reviewed by Rahil Malik, MD, FACOG, board-certified obstetrician-gynecologist. Last reviewed: September 2026. This page is general information and does not replace a visit with your doctor.